What Are The Types Of Obesıty Surgery?

Obesity is a condition that can lead to excess fat accumulation in the body and often lead to health problems. It is usually measured using body mass index (BMI) and if this index is above 30, a person is classified as obese. Obesity can bring serious risks such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and other health problems. A healthy lifestyle, balanced diet and regular exercise are important steps to prevent or manage obesity.

Obesity Surgery: The Journey to a Permanent and Healthy Life!

Obesity can be a problem with serious effects on health and quality of life. For many people struggling with difficult diets and exercise programmes, bariatric surgery can offer a permanent and effective solution. In addition to being an effective tool for weight loss, bariatric surgery can also reduce other health problems associated with obesity.

These surgical procedures achieve weight loss by altering food absorption or food intake in the body. However, these surgical interventions can not only accelerate weight loss, but also reduce serious health problems associated with obesity, such as diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. Although bariatric surgery is a long-term health solution, it involves important stages such as identifying the right candidates, post-surgical support and adopting lifestyle changes. Therefore, it is vital to consult a specialised healthcare professional before deciding on this type of intervention. Obesity surgery can be a starting point for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.However, this also requires personal responsibility and a commitment to maintaining healthy living habits. Obesity surgery can help take steps towards a healthy future, but for this process to be successful, it is important that the individual is willing to transform themselves and their lifestyle.’

Types of Obesity

Gastric Balloon: The simplest method to help weight loss is gastric balloon application. In this method, with the help of an endoscope, a balloon filled with liquid or air is placed in the stomach under mild anaesthesia. This process takes 15-20 minutes. Thus, the food intake capacity of the stomach is reduced and satiety is achieved quickly. With this method, patients can lose 7-8 kg in a few months. However, this balloon can stay in the body for 6 months, maximum 1 year and is removed endoscopically in 5-6 minutes. The difference of the method is that it is simple to apply and there is no permanent change in the body, but if the patient does not change his/her lifestyle and does not continue his/her diet after the balloon is removed, the lost weight can be regained. However, within 6 months-1 year of use, people are trained by experimenting on how they should eat. Today, the gastric balloon method is used as a preparation for basic morbid obesity surgery either in patients who are too risky to undergo surgery or in super obese people. It can also be used for those who are not overweight.

Gastric Sleeve Gastrectomy: It is one of the most commonly applied methods for weight loss. In this method, 80-90% of the stomach is removed and the stomach is turned into a tube. Calorie intake of the person is reduced. Gastric sleeve gastrectomy is also performed by closed method in one-two hours. The hospitalisation period is two-three days. After the operation, patients can switch to normal food after consuming liquid for two weeks and soft foods for the next two weeks. Vitamin supplements may be required. In this surgical method, the fundus region of the stomach is completely removed and the release of Ghrelin hormone is prevented. Thus, the appetite of the person is helped to decrease. After this surgery, people can lose an average of 80% of their excess weight within 1 year. After this surgery, care should be taken to chew the food thoroughly and consume it in small portions. In addition, exercise should not be forgotten. In order not to regain the lost weight, especially refined sugar and high-calorie liquid foods should be avoided in large quantities.

Duodenal Switch: Duodenal Switch procedure leads to more weight loss as it directly affects metabolism. It is especially applicable for people with a BMI of more than 50 kg/m2. In this surgery, both food intake is restricted and absorption of food is reduced. It is an effective method in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension and high cholesterol diseases due to excess weight. Since it is an application that reduces fat absorption, it is an effective surgery in patients who consume fatty foods. Although it is among the surgical methods that provide the highest weight loss in obesity surgery, it is not used very often due to the high number of complications during and after surgery. Chronic diarrhoea with bad odour and vitamin and protein deficiencies due to decreased fat absorption are frequently seen after this surgery.

Mini Gastric By-Pass: It is an easier modification of gastric bypass surgery. After a long gastric pouch is formed, a piece of small intestine 2 metres from the beginning is combined with the gastric pouch. Although the operation time is shorter and the cost is less, the effect of Type 2 diabetes and weight loss is very successful. The most important disadvantage: As in RNY Gastric Bypass, the remaining stomach other than the pouch is not visualised endoscopically afterwards and patients may need vitamin intake in the long term.