Lung cancer is caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the lungs. The exact cause of cancer is not known, but some factors, such as smoking, are known to increase the risk of developing the disease. Lung cancer usually starts in the airways, such as the airways in the bronchi or alveoli (air sacs). However, cancer cells that spread from another organ or tissue in the body to the lungs are not considered lung cancer. Lung cancer, one of the most common types of cancer in the world, can progress rapidly if not detected early.

Lung Cancer Symptoms

Lung cancer can often be asymptomatic before the disease progresses, or symptoms may be mild and diffuse. This can make it difficult for patients to recognise cancer at an early stage. However, the following symptoms may be early indicators of lung cancer:

• - Persistent cough
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• - Shortness of breath
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- Chest pain

- Bloody sputum

- Fatigue

- Weight loss

- Hoarseness

Since these symptoms can also be seen in other respiratory diseases, it is very important to consult a health professional in case of suspected lung cancer. Early diagnosis can increase the chance of treatment.

Lung Cancer Treatment Methods

Lung cancer treatment requires an individualised approach, depending on the type and stage of the disease and the individual's general health status. Treatment options vary according to the spread and type of cancer and usually several methods are used together. Here are the main methods that stand out in the treatment of lung cancer:

Surgical Intervention: Lung cancer can be treated with surgical intervention if detected in early stages. Surgeries performed to completely remove cancerous tissue include lobectomy (removal of one lobe of the lung) and pneumonectomy (removal of an entire lung). Such interventions can be effective when the cancer is confined to the lung and has not spread to other organs.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is a drug treatment to kill cancer cells or stop them from multiplying. It is especially commonly used for types such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC). It can also be given as adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery to prevent the cancer from recurring. Chemotherapy usually acts on the whole body, which helps prevent cancer cells from spreading to different parts of the body.

Radiotherapy (Beam Therapy): A treatment that uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells. Radiotherapy can be used to stop or shrink the growth of cancer when tumours cannot be surgically removed. In addition, radiotherapy can be applied much more precisely with technologies that enable the cancer to be targeted without damaging the surrounding healthy tissues.

Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy tries to stop the progression of the disease by targeting the genetic characteristics of cancer cells. Specific genetic mutations or abnormalities in cancer cells are targeted. This type of treatment attacks specific cancer cells with fewer side effects and can be an important treatment option, especially in advanced stages.

Immunotherapies: Immunotherapies are treatment methods designed to mobilise the immune system more strongly against cancer cells. This treatment enables the immune system to recognise and destroy cancer cells. Treatments such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can be particularly successful in advanced lung cancers. Immunotherapies offer an important way to strengthen the patient's immune system and create a more effective defence against cancer cells.

Palliative Treatment: In advanced stages of lung cancer, treatment is usually aimed at alleviating the patient's symptoms rather than eliminating the cancer completely. Palliative treatment is applied with goals such as pain management, relieving shortness of breath and improving quality of life. This treatment provides patient relief and can help increase life expectancy, but is not curative.

In conclusion, lung cancer is a treatable disease when detected at an early stage disease. Early diagnosis, early initiation of treatment and personalised treatment plans are of great importance in the fight against cancer. Individuals at risk should not neglect regular check-ups, and when they notice symptoms, they should immediately contact a consulting a health professional can save lives. Remember, early diagnosis can save lives saves!